![]() Grub. 2/Installing - Community Help Wiki. This page details the procedures for installing and reinstalling GRUB 2. The information applies to most versions of GRUB 2, but is specifically written for version 1. GRUB 1. 9. 9 is included on Ubuntu releases 1. Intel 3945 wireless stop working after upgrade to ubuntu 8.04. suspend and hibernate suddenly stopped working: 224498. After kernel update to 2.6.20-16 on. A repository of community-edited information on all versions of Ubuntu. Ubuntu is an open source software operating system that runs from the desktop, to the cloud, to all your internet connected things. Natty Narwhal) and later. For more information on a variety of GRUB 2 topics, please visit the GRUB2 main page. For information on converting to or from GRUB Legacy, please view the Grub. Upgrading community doc. The GRUB 2 bootloader is included on all currently- supported versions of the Ubuntu family. GRUB 2 can accomodate traditional computer firmware such as BIOS as well as the newer EFI/UEFI standards. It is compatible with MBR, GPT and other partitioning tables. All references to GRUB pertain to GRUB 2. Where GRUB 0. 9. 7 is discussed, it will be referred to by version number or as GRUB Legacy. GRUB 2 Initial Installation. GRUB 2 installation is automatically incorporated into a normal Ubuntu installation. Input required by the user for the initial setup is very simple. If the installation will use the entire disk no specific GRUB selections are necessary. If the user wants to use a specific partition for Ubuntu the user must select the Ubuntu partition and the drive on which to embed the bootloader information. USB 3.0 hubs stopped working on OS X in early 2016. Walt-O-Matic. Pure Walt, from. Same here with my Atolla 7 port USB 3.0 hub on a brand new iMac 2017 running. How to fix wireless problems in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install linux. worked for me to get the wireless working while I try to. ![]() The main GRUB 2 folder locations include /boot/grub/ and /etc/grub. User preferences are stored in the /etc/default/grub file. The GRUB 2 menu is built by information contained in /boot/grub/grub. Installation Options (Live. CD)Using the Entire Drive ( "Erase disk and install Ubuntu" ): Install on entire drive: The user should select a drive on which Ubuntu and GRUB 2 will be installed. GRUB 2 will overwrite the drive's boot information and place the GRUB 2 files in the appropriate locations. Installing Ubuntu to a Specific Partition ("Something Else"): When using the "Something Else" option, you will be offered to choose the "Device for bootloader installation". Please select: * either the disk (eg /dev/sd. X, not /dev/sd. XY) on which the BIOS is setup to boot (recommended for normal use) * OR the partition (eg /dev/sd. XY, not /dev/sd. X) on which Ubuntu (/boot, else /) will be installed (only if you want to chainload it from another bootloader; if any doubt, do NOT choose this) Never choose any other partition! Bug #1. 04. 95. 49). On a system with multiple drives and OS's, the user can preserve the original bootloader by installing GRUB 2 on another drive. To accomplish this: specify the disk (eg /dev/sd. X, not /dev/sda. XY) not currently used to boot the system for the bootloader location. After the installation is complete, change the boot order (via BIOS setup) so that the disk to which the GRUB information was written is the one booted first. If the user wishes to restore booting with the original bootloader, change the boot order back to the original drive. BIOS/MBR Notes. GRUB 2 normally writes its bootloader information to an area just beyond the Master Boot Record and before the first partition. Some software on non- Linux operating systems also used this embedded area and broke the system by overwriting the GRUB 2 information on dual- boot systems. GRUB 2 now can recognize this potential problem and avoid it. The bootloader information does not have to be installed to the embedded area of the MBR. It may also bypass the MBR entirely and be installed to a specific partition. In doing this, the location of the GRUB 2 files are specified by using blocklists. This option is not available via an Ubuntu GUI installation but can be made via the terminal after installation. Even then this method is not as reliable as writing to the MBR and is not recommended by the GRUB developers. BIOS/GPT Notes. If the BIOS is setup to boot the disk in Legacy/mbr mode, installing GRUB2 on a GPT (GUID Partition Table) disk requires a dedicated BIOS boot partition with a recommended size of at least 1 Mi. B. This partition can be created via GParted or other partitioning tools, or via the command line. It must be identified with a bios_grub flag. The necessary GPT modules are automatically included during installation when GRUB 2 detects a GPT scheme. UEFIGRUB 2 is compatible with EFI/UEFI and will load the necessary modules during installation. For information on this topic, please visit the UEFI community documentation. Post- Installation. At the conclusion of a normal installation using the default entries: GRUB 2 will be the default bootloader for the computer. GRUB 2 will have written information to the designated drive's boot area pointing to the Ubuntu installation's GRUB 2 files. On earlier versions of GRUB 2 on a BIOS systems any information previously contained in the area just beyond MBR will have been overwritten. An improvement to GRUB 2 allows it to write the boot information to another area if a non- Linux application has already used this area. The GRUB 2 files will normally be located in the /boot/grub and /etc/grub. Ubuntu installation. If another Ubuntu/Linux distribution controlled the boot process, it will be replaced by the GRUB 2 settings in the new installation. If the boot was controlled by Windows, the MBR information will now point to the Ubuntu installation and GRUB 2 will control the boot process. The GRUB 2 menu will include an entry for Windows if it found what it considers the necessary Windows boot files. Windows boot files in the Windows partition are not affected by the GRUB 2 installation. Only the MBR data is changed. Windows control of the boot process can be obtained by selecting a Windows entry in the GRUB 2 menu during boot. If GRUB has detected another OS it will display a menu so the user may make a selection. If no selection is made, Ubuntu will boot after a brief timeout. If GRUB has detected no other operating systems, no menu will be displayed and the computer will boot the new Ubuntu installation. If the user wishes to display the menu, hold down the SHIFT key as the computer boots. To view the GRUB 2 file system and configuration options please refer to Grub 2 community documentation page. Reinstalling GRUB 2. The user may wish to reinstall GRUB 2 for a variety of reasons, including: After installing another operating system which installed its own bootloader, reinstall GRUB2 to return control to the desired OS. When an operating system is added on a multiboot computer it will generally take command of the boot process. Reinstalling GRUB 2 from a within the desired OS will return control of the boot process to that OS. Add the boot information to an additional drive. GRUB 2 can be installed on multiple drives - all pointing to the same operating system. This provides a backup in case the MBR or boot record data on a particular drive becomes corrupted. Replace missing files Repair a broken system, such as when the user sees only "GRUB" on a black screen with no prompt or when the user cannot boot using GRUB 2's rescue mode options. Upgrade from Grub Legacy When using the grub- install command, the boot information is updated and written to the designated drive, missing - but not corrupted or intentionally deleted - files are restored. Specifically the core. If missing, the grub folder will be recreated. The grub- install command does not generate a new GRUB 2 menu (grub. Reinstalling GRUB 2 from a Working System. If Ubuntu is operating normally, boot into the working installation and run the following command from a terminal. X is the drive (letter) on which you want GRUB to write the boot information. Normally users should not include a partition number, which would produce an error message as the command would attempt to write the information to a partition. X # Example: sudo grub- install /dev/sda. This will rewrite the MBR information to point to the current installation and rewrite some GRUB 2 files (which are already working). Since it isn't done during execution of the previous command, running sudo update- grub after the install will ensure GRUB 2's menu is up- to- date. Fixing a Broken System.
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