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Systemic functional grammar - Wikipedia. Systemic functional grammar (SFG) is a form of grammatical description originated by Michael Halliday.[1] It is part of a social semiotic approach to language called systemic functional linguistics. In these two terms, systemic refers to the view of language as "a network of systems, or interrelated sets of options for making meaning"; [2]functional refers to Halliday's view that language is as it is because of what it has evolved to do (see Metafunction). Thus, what he refers to as the multidimensional architecture of language "reflects the multidimensional nature of human experience and interpersonal relations."[3]Influences[edit]Halliday describes his grammar as built on the work of Saussure, Louis Hjelmslev,[4]Malinowski, J. R. Firth, and the Prague school linguists. ![]() In addition, he drew on the work of the American anthropological linguists Boas, Sapir and Whorf. His "main inspiration" was Firth, to whom he owes, among other things, the notion of language as system.[5] Among American linguists, Whorf had "the most profound effect on my own thinking". Whorf "showed how it is that human beings do not all mean alike, and how their unconscious ways of meaning are among the most significant manifestations of their culture" [6]From his studies in China, he lists Luo Changpei and Wang Li as two scholars from whom he gained "new and exciting insights into language". He credits Luo for giving him a diachronic perspective and insights into a non- Indo- European language family. From Wang Li he learnt "many things, including research methods in dialectology, the semantic basis of grammar, and the history of linguistics in China".[6]Basic tenets[edit]Some interrelated key terms underpin Halliday's approach to grammar, which forms part of his account of how language works. These concepts are: system, (meta)function, and rank. Another key term is lexicogrammar. In this view, grammar and lexis are two ends of the same continuum. Analysis of the grammar is taken from a trinocular perspective, meaning from three different levels. Learning English Together: Educational Community with over 455.000 language learners and teachers! Learn why the Common Core is important for your child. What parents should know; Myths vs. facts. Although some features of German grammar, such as the formation of some of the verb forms, resemble those of English, German grammar differs from that of English in. So to look at lexicogrammar, we can analyze it from two more levels, 'above'(semantic) and 'below' (phonology). This grammar gives emphasis to the view from above. For Halliday, grammar is described as systems not as rules, on the basis that every grammatical structure involves a choice from a describable set of options. Language is thus a meaning potential. Grammarians in SF tradition use system networks to map the available options in a language. In relation to English, for instance, Halliday has described systems such as mood, agency, theme, etc. Halliday describes grammatical systems as closed, i. ![]() By contrast, lexical sets are open systems, since new words come into a language all the time.[7][8]These grammatical systems play a role in the construal of meanings of different kinds. This is the basis of Halliday's claim that language is metafunctionally organised. He argues that the raison d'être of language is meaning in social life, and for this reason all languages have three kinds of semantic components. All languages have resources for construing experience (the ideational component), resources for enacting humans' diverse and complex social relations (the interpersonal component), and resources for enabling these two kinds of meanings to come together in coherent text (the textual function).[9][1. Each of the grammatical systems proposed by Halliday are related to these metafunctions. For instance, the grammatical system of 'mood' is considered to be centrally related to the expression of interpersonal meanings, 'process type' to the expression of experiential meanings, and 'theme' to the expression of textual meanings. Traditionally the "choices" are viewed in terms of either the content or the structure of the language used. In SFG, language is analysed in three ways (strata): semantics, phonology, and lexicogrammar.[1. SFG presents a view of language in terms of both structure (grammar) and words (lexis). The term "lexicogrammar" describes this combined approach. Metafunctions[edit]From early on in his account of language, Halliday has argued that it is inherently functional. His early papers on the grammar of English make reference to the "functional components" of language, as "generalized uses of language, which, since they seem to determine the nature of the language system, require to be incorporated into our account of that system." [1. Systemic functional grammar (SFG) is a form of grammatical description originated by Michael Halliday. It is part of a social semiotic approach to language called.Halliday argues that this functional organization of language "determines the form taken by grammatical structure".[1. Halliday refers to his functions of language as metafunctions. He proposes three general functions: the ideational, the interpersonal and the textual. Ideational metafunction[edit]The ideational metafunction is the function for construing human experience. It is the means by which we make sense of "reality".[1. Halliday divides the ideational into the logical and the experiential metafunctions. ![]() The logical metafunction refers to the grammatical resources for building up grammatical units into complexes, for instance, for combining two or more clauses into a clause complex. The experiential function refers to the grammatical resources involved in construing the flux of experience through the unit of the clause. The ideational metafunction reflects the contextual value of field, that is, the nature of the social process in which the language is implicated.[1. An analysis of a text from the perspective of the ideational function involves inquiring into the choices in the grammatical system of "transitivity": that is, process types, participant types, circumstance types, combined with an analysis of the resources through which clauses are combined. Halliday's An Introduction to Functional Grammar (in the third edition, with revisions by Christian Matthiessen)[1. Interpersonal metafunction[edit]The interpersonal metafunction relates to a text's aspects of tenor or interactivity.[1. Like field, tenor comprises three component areas: the speaker/writer persona, social distance, and relative social status.[1. Social distance and relative social status are applicable only to spoken texts, although a case has been made that these two factors can also apply to written text.[1. The speaker/writer persona concerns the stance, personalisation and standing of the speaker or writer. This involves looking at whether the writer or speaker has a neutral attitude, which can be seen through the use of positive or negative language. Social distance means how close the speakers are, e. Relative social status asks whether they are equal in terms of power and knowledge on a subject, for example, the relationship between a mother and child would be considered unequal. Focuses here are on speech acts (e. Textual metafunction[edit]The textual metafunction relates to mode; the internal organisation and communicative nature of a text.[2. This comprises textual interactivity, spontaneity and communicative distance.[2. Textual interactivity is examined with reference to disfluencies such as hesitators, pauses and repetitions. Spontaneity is determined through a focus on lexical density, grammatical complexity, coordination (how clauses are linked together) and the use of nominal groups. The study of communicative distance involves looking at a text’s cohesion—that is, how it hangs together, as well as any abstract language it uses. Cohesion is analysed in the context of both lexical and grammatical as well as intonational aspects[2. The lexical aspect focuses on sense relations and lexical repetitions, while the grammatical aspect looks at repetition of meaning shown through reference, substitution and ellipsis, as well as the role of linking adverbials. Systemic functional grammar deals with all of these areas of meaning equally within the grammatical system itself. Children’s grammar[edit]Michael Halliday (1. Relation to other branches of grammar[edit]Halliday's theory sets out to explain how spoken and written texts construe meanings and how the resources of language are organised in open systems and functionally bound to meanings. It is a theory of language in use, creating systematic relations between choices and forms within the less abstract strata of grammar and phonology, on the one hand, and more abstract strata such as context of situation and context of culture on the other. Resume Builder Resume Match. Professional Designs. Over 2. 0 resume templates that are polished and popular. Easy to Edit Everywhere. Add, modify, delete sections and content on PC, MAC, tablet, or phone, no Flash needed. Multiple Resumes. Create, save, duplicate and manage multiple resumes. Instant Download or Print. 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A car is often only as good as the tire it wears, and the ZL1 1. LE delivers in a big way. Goodyear developed a new tire, the Eagle F1 Super. Car 3. R, specifically for the ZL1 1. LE. The widest ever offered on a Camaro, they're mounted on wheels that are an inch wider and an inch smaller in diameter than those of the standard ZL1. While the 3. R is legal for street use, dry track performance is its overarching priority. It has a bare minimum of tread depth, huge outer tread blocks and an all- new compound derived from Goodyear's racing tires. Drive through standing water or in cold weather at your own peril. You might expect a track- oriented car like this to boast stabilizer bars as thick as your wrist, and you'd be wrong — the ZL1 1. LE's rear bar is slightly smaller than the ZL1's, but it gains three- position manual adjustability. The ZL1 1. LE gets its increased roll stiffness from new coil springs that are roughly twice the rate of the ZL1's springs. Overall, the ZL1 1. 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The dampers boast aluminum housings to shave weight and increase stiffness, providing more consistent suspension geometry during hard cornering. Track day addicts will love that the ZL1 1. LE's front struts have threaded lower spring perches to allow for manual ride height and corner balance adjustments. Plus, the forged aluminum front upper strut mounts can be rotated to increase negative camber by 1. This is impressive dedication to track- day use for a production car. All This Plus a Supercharged V8. On the powertrain front, changes from the ZL1 are minimal. The 6. 50- hp, 6. V8 is carried over with no changes. Sixth gear in the Tremec manual box is shorter to suit Nurburgring marketing purposes and little else, and there's a 1. LE- specific calibration for the electronically controlled differential. That's it. Various cartoonish aerodynamic appendages have sprouted on the ZL1 1. LE, and you'd be hard- pressed to miss them. 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This tutorial will show you how to open the Control Panel in Windows 8 and 8. Category, Large icons, or Small icons view. ![]() How to open the Windows Control Panel. Updated: 0. 9/1. 5/2. Computer Hope. How to open the Control Panel in Windows 1. Click the Start button or press the Windows key. Type control panel and press Enter or click the Control Panel icon. Versions of Windows 1. Creators Update can also open the Control Panel through the Power User Menu. While on the Windows Desktop, press the Windows key + X to open the Power User Menu. Select Control Panel in the menu. Once open you should see a screen similar to the example below. If the Creators Update is installed on your Windows 1. Control Panel by using the Search Windows option. Next to the Start Menu button, click the Search Windows icon (magnifying glass). In the Search Windows text box, type control panel. In the search results, click the Control Panel option. 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If you've scrubbed for spyware and viruses, defragged, chkdsked and done the requisite rain dance but things are STILL wonky on your computer, it may be time for extreme action. Today we're going to go over how to format your hard drive and reinstall Windows XP from scratch to get back that shiny new operating system feeling untainted by years of wear, tear and added and removed programs. Note for the tremulous: I cannot tell a lie; reinstalling an operating system is NOT a trivial task. Free Install Windows Xp Home EditionThere are several junctures where lots of things can go wrong that can affect the way your PC functions FOREVER. Further, this isn't a task one can complete in just a few hours. There are lots of ways to fix PC problems before reinstalling Windows, a fresh install should be an absolute last resort. It took me three years - one which involved installing and uninstalling programs almost daily - to get to the point of reinstalling Windows. You have been warned. Still with me? Good. What you'll need: A Windows XP machine in dire need of a fresh start(Without any crucial, un- backedup data on it)A Windows XP installation CD with a valid Product Key(Preferably the disc that shipped with the computer originally, in which case the Product Key won't be obviously listed)The CDs and serial numbers of all the software you need to install on your fresh "new" machine. Hardware driver discs that shipped with the PC and any components you added on(Optional, but VERY strongly recommended)Another 'net- connected computer of any OS persuasion with a CD burner, thumb drive, or other removable disk(Optional, but strongly recommended, for looking up stuff and downloading drivers in case of emergency)One full day to get your PC fully functioning again. Got all that? Good. Let's get started. ![]() Step 1. Back up your data. First, make sure absolutely NOTHING you cannot afford to lose is on the drive you're going to install Windows on (let's say the C: drive.) Move all your documents and settings off the machine. Back up your Firefox settings with Moz. Backup, export your Quicken file, Sync. Back profiles, Apache configuration and absolutely anything else that you want restored after you're done. Just make sure it's off the machine that's going under the knife. Step 2. Audit your current PC setup. Once upon a time, I did tech support for Windows 9. PCs, when "Plug and Play" was a fairly new concept that was rightly referred to as "Plug and Pray" amongst my disgruntled technician co- workers. Today, Windows XP is eons ahead of 9. HOWEVER, it's still not perfect. PC's come with a whole wide range of video cards and network adaptors and Bluetooth thingamajiggers, and it's very possible you'll install XP and it won't know exactly what brand of TV tuner card you've got and how to find the driver for it. So, before we do anything, we're going to take an inventory of all the hardware you've currently got installed. I used to print a report from Device Manager for this purpose (Control Panel, System, Hardware, Device Manager, Action, Print) but a handy little utility called Belarc Advisor [via Nicholas Roussos] does a nicer job than Device Manager. Belarc will create a report detailing your system, its installed hardware components, software applications and serial numbers. Download the free Belarc, run a report and print it out. Keep it nearby for reference later. How To Install Windows Xp Home Edition· This article describes how to add and remove fonts in Microsoft Windows. Note If your computer runs Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows. How to Install Windows XP. Windows XP is one of Microsoft's most popular operating systems, and though it's starting to show its age, many people still use it. Windows Vista Home Premium Edition, Windows Vista Home Premium Edition, Windows Home Premium, Windows Home Premium upgrade, Windows Vista Home Premium Edition. Discusses that you cannot install some updates or programs in Windows, and you receive an error message. Provides a resolution. Note: for those of you who do not have the driver discs for all your hardware - go ahead and print out the report from Device Manager in addition to the Belarc report. You'll need all the help you can get, you brave souls. Step 3. Take a deep breath, and say goodbye to everything on your C: drive. Seriously. It's all going away now. Nervous? Revisit steps 1 & 2. Step 4. Insert the Windows installation disk into your CD drive. Shut down your PC. Then, boot from CD. This part is important: do NOT run the Windows installation from Windows itself. Shut down first, and then boot up the machine from CD. My Dell has a little message as it's booting up that says "Press F1. CD," so that's what I did. If you're not sure how to boot from CD, check your PC's user guide for more info. The reason why booting from CD is important is because we're going to delete the C: drive partition where Windows is installed and re- format it. You can't do this if Windows booted from C: , because it can't delete the partition from which it is running. You CAN install Windows without deleting the partition and formatting, but that means all your program files and other riff- raff that's collected on your C: drive will still be there when you're done, just taking up unnecessary space. That's not the point of all this. Be sure to boot from CD. Step 5. Step through the Windows installation. You'll be greeted by Word. Perfect 5. 1- like blue screens with white text on them, which seem scary, but aren't. All the directions are clearly spelled out on each of them. Still, we'll go over what to do. At the Welcome to Setup page, press Enter. Press F8 to accept the Windows XP Licensing Agreement. You'll be asked if you want to repair your existing Windows XP installation. Press ESC to bypass the repair and install a fresh copy. All your existing disk partitions will be listed, like this. You want to delete the current partition where Windows is installed. Use the arrow key to select it, and press D to delete it. Press L to confirm. Then, to create a new partition, select the unpartitioned space and press C. To create a new partition with the maximum amount of space allotted to it, press Enter. Now select the brand spanking new partition you've just created to install Windows on. Format the drive as NTFS (Quick if you want, but I went thorough just to be sure.) Depending on the size of the drive and how fast your computer is, this will take some time. Get a sandwich. Then, follow Windows Setup's steps, set your area code and name and password and let it reboot as many times as necessary until it asks you to log in for the first time. Congratulations! Welcome to your fresh new Windows installation. But we're not done yet. Step 6. Install any missing drivers. Once you get Windows XP up and running, chances are everything on your computer won't be working perfectly. Are you connected to the internet? Can you play music? Is your screen resolution unusually large? The answer is probably no to all those questions, except the last one. Do not panic. This is the part where you install the right drivers for your hardware. First, get a list of what Windows doesn't have installed correctly. From Control Panel, go to System, then Hardware, and click on the Device Manager. Chances are it'll look something like mine did after my fresh installation: Those yellow question marks/exclamation points are Windows' way of saying "I know this hardware is here, but I don't know what it is or how to control it." Insert each driver CD you've got stacked up beside you and install the software needed for all your computer's components. If you don't have a driver disk, get on that other machine you've got next to you, and Google up the brand and model of each of the components for which you need a driver, download, burn to disk and install on your fresh Windows machine. Those two handy hardware audits you printed out in Step 2 will be your friend, but without the discs that came with your machine, it will be a bit of a guessing game, matching up the yellow question marks with the items on your reports. Take educated guesses. Good luck. As for me, I had to manually install drivers for my video card, sound card, printer, TV tuner card and Bluetooth adaptor. Your mileage may vary. Step 7. Update Windows. If you used the Windows installation CD that shipped with your computer three years ago, you've got an old version of Windows that came out 7 service packs ago. As soon as you're online (got that ethernet card/wifi card driver installed?) go directly to Windows Update and patch up Windows nice and tight and secure. Do not wait to do this as there are probably lots of computer baddies just beyond your network card waiting to ravage your virginal machine the minute it's out there alone in the wild internet. Yes, that sounded dirty on purpose. Step 8. Install all needed software applications and tweak Windows to taste. Windows XP editions - Wikipedia. Windows XP has been released in several editions since its original release in 2. Windows XP is available in many languages.[1] In addition, add- ons translating the user interface are also available for certain languages.[2]Home and Professional[edit]The first two editions released by Microsoft are Windows XP Home Edition, designed for home users, and Windows XP Professional, designed for business and power users. Windows XP Professional offers a number of features unavailable in the Home Edition, including: [3]The ability to become part of a Windows Server domain, a group of computers that are remotely managed by one or more central servers. An access control scheme that allows specific permissions on files to be granted to specific users under normal circumstances. However, users can use tools other than Windows Explorer (like cacls or File Manager), or restart to Safe Mode to modify access control lists. Remote Desktop server, which allows a PC to be operated by another Windows XP user over a local area network or the Internet. Offline Files and Folders, which allow the PC to automatically store a copy of files from another networked computer and work with them while disconnected from the network. Encrypting File System, which encrypts files stored on the computer's hard drive so they cannot be read by another user, even with physical access to the storage medium. Centralized administration features, including Group Policies, Automatic Software Installation and Maintenance, Roaming User Profiles, and Remote Installation Services (RIS). Internet Information Services (IIS), Microsoft's HTTP and FTP Server. Support for two physical central processing units (CPU). Because the number of CPU cores and hyper- threading capabilities on modern CPUs are considered to be part of a single physical processor, multicore CPUs are supported using XP Home Edition.)[4][5]Windows Management Instrumentation Console (WMIC): WMIC is a command- line tool designed to ease WMI information retrieval about a system by using simple keywords (aliases). The ability to switch hard disk storage type from Basic to Dynamic and vice versa. Edition N[edit]In March 2. European Commission fined Microsoft €4. US$7. 84 million) and ordered the company to provide a version of Windows without Windows Media Player. The Commission concluded that Microsoft "broke European Union competition law by leveraging its near monopoly in the market for PC operating systems onto the markets for work group server operating systems and for media players". After unsuccessful appeals in 2. Microsoft reached an agreement with the Commission where it would release a court- compliant version, Windows XP Edition N. This version does not include the company's Windows Media Player but instead encourages users to pick and download their own media player. Microsoft wanted to call this version Reduced Media Edition, but EU regulators objected and suggested the Edition N name, with the N signifying "not with Media Player"[6] for both Home and Professional editions of Windows XP. Because it is sold at the same price as the version with Windows Media Player included, Dell, Hewlett- Packard, Lenovo and Fujitsu Siemens have chosen not to stock the product. However, Dell did offer the operating system for a short time. Consumer interest has been low, with roughly 1,5. OEMs, and no reported sales to consumers.[7][dead link][8][9][1. The N editions of Windows XP also do not include Windows Movie Maker, but Microsoft has made this available as a separate download.[1. In December 2. 00. Korean Fair Trade Commission ordered Microsoft to make available editions of Windows XP and Windows Server 2. Windows Media Player or Windows Messenger.[1. Like the European Commission decision, this decision was based on the grounds that Microsoft had abused its dominant position in the market to push other products onto consumers. Unlike that decision, however, Microsoft was also forced to withdraw the non- compliant versions of Windows from the South Korean market. The K and KN editions of Windows XP Home Edition and Professional Edition were released in August 2. English and Korean. Both editions contain links to third- party instant messenger and media player software.[1. Home Edition ULCPC[edit]This edition of Windows XP Home is intended for sale with certain "low- cost" netbooks and will appear labeled as "Windows XP Home Edition ULCPC" (with "ULCPC" standing for "ultra low cost personal computer").[1. Professional Blade PC Edition[edit]This version comes preinstalled on OEM solutions providing desktops on Blade PC hardware. In addition to a copy of Windows XP Professional, it includes a Remote Desktop License.[1. Starter Edition[edit]Windows XP Starter Edition is a lower- cost version of Windows XP available in Thailand, Vietnam, Turkey, Indonesia, India, Philippines, Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico, Ecuador, Uruguay, Malaysia, and Venezuela. It is similar to Windows XP Home, but is limited to low- end hardware, can only run 3 programs at a time, and has some other features either removed or disabled by default. According to a Microsoft press release, Windows XP Starter Edition is "a low- cost introduction to the Microsoft Windows XP operating system designed for first- time desktop PC users in developing countries."Specialization[edit]The Starter Edition includes some special features for certain markets where consumers may not be computer literate. Not found in the Home Edition, these include localised help features for those who may not speak English, a country- specific computer wallpaper[1. Windows XP installations. The Malaysian version, for example, contains a desktop background of the Kuala Lumpur skyline. In addition, the Starter Edition also has some unique limitations to prevent it from displacing more expensive versions of Windows XP.[1. Only three applications can be run at once on the Starter Edition, and each application may open a maximum of three windows. The maximum screen resolution is 1. In addition, the Starter Edition is licensed only for low- end processors like Intel's Celeron or AMD's Duron and Sempron. There is also a 5. MB limit on main memory and a 1. GB disk size limit.[1. Microsoft has not made it clear, however, if this is for total disk space, per partition, or per disk. There are also fewer options for customizing the themes, desktop, and taskbar. Market adoption[edit]On October 9, 2. Microsoft announced[1. Windows XP Starter Edition sold. In the mass market, however, the Starter Edition has not had much success. In many markets where it is available, pirated versions of higher end versions of Windows are more popular than their legal counterparts. In these markets, non- genuine copies of XP Professional can be obtained at a mall. These stores typically charge only for the amount of the CDs/DVDs taken up by the files, not the original retail value. Unlicensed copies of Windows XP Professional typically cost US$0. CD) compared to around US$3. XP Starter.[2. 0]Media Center Edition[edit]This edition, which was code- named "Freestyle" during its development, was first released in September 2. The initial release was available solely in conjunction with computers that included media center capabilities, and could not be purchased separately. The first major update was released in 2. Tier 1 OEMs who had previously sold Windows XP Media Center Edition PC, and then updated again in 2. System Builders. Many of the features of Windows XP Media Center Edition 2. DJ, and high end visual screen savers) were taken from the Windows XP Plus! These were originally shipped as add ons to Windows XP to enhance the users experience of their Windows XP machine. Releases[edit]A preview version of Windows XP Media Center Edition from Microsoft's e. Home division, was shown as CES 2. July 2. 00. 2.[2. Windows XP Media Center Edition ("Freestyle", July 2. This was the original release. Updates to this release added features such as FM radio tuning. This release combined with updates is sometimes referred to as Windows XP Media Center Edition 2. Windows XP Media Center Edition 2. Harmony", September 2. Windows XP Service Pack 2 upgrades earlier versions of MCE to this one. Windows XP Media Center Edition 2. Symphony", October 2. MCE available to non- Tier 1 system builders. Among other things it includes support for Media Center Extenders, and CD/DVD- Video burning support.[2. Update Rollup 2 for Windows XP Media Center Edition 2. VMware v. Sphere 6. Documentation Library. RPi Cam Web Interface is a web interface for the Raspberry Pi Camera module. It can be used for a wide variety of applications including surveillance, dvr recording. 3 Upgrading to the New Release of Oracle Database. Upgrading to a new release of Oracle Database is a basic part of database maintenance and administration. Genealogy By marketing role. Microsoft, the developer of Windows, has registered several trademarks each of which denote a family of Windows operating systems that. Our staff has unprecedented opportunity to see real-world Oracle database in-action and we share our experiences on this page of Oracle articles. Upgrading to the New Release of Oracle Database. Upgrading to a new release of Oracle Database is a basic part of database maintenance and administration. Oracle provides the Database Upgrade Assistant and specialized scripts and tools to assist with the upgrade process and to automate many steps. This chapter discusses important information and requirements and guides you through the process of upgrading a database to Oracle Database 1. Release 2 (1. 1. 2). System Considerations and Requirements for Upgrading Oracle Database. When you upgrade to a new release of Oracle Database, typically there are new or changed system requirements. The following topics describe the various checks and considerations to perform before starting an upgrade of Oracle Database: Important. To upgrade to this release, you must install the Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database software into a new Oracle home instead of applying a patch set to the existing Oracle home. This is referred to as an out- of- place upgrade and is different from patch set releases for earlier releases of Oracle Database, where the patch set was always installed in place. Note. Oracle Grid Infrastructure does not support in- place upgrade. ![]() Only out- of- place upgrade into a new grid intrastructure home is supported. Relocating Existing Data Files to the New Oracle Database Environment. Before you remove the old Oracle environment, you must relocate any data files in that environment to the new Oracle Database environment. To relocate data files to the new Oracle Database environment Use Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) and select the Move Database Files option during the upgrade. About Upgrading PL/SQL Packages That Are Not Installed by Default. Packages that were previously installed on the database for which you are preparing to upgrade to the current release may not be upgraded automatically. You may need to separately check if the package is available in the current release and reinstall that package to ensure you have the latest version. About Upgrading Oracle ASM Installed with Oracle Grid Infrastructure. Oracle ASM is upgraded as part of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrade. You cannot upgrade Oracle ASM before you upgrade Oracle Grid Infrastucture. Considerations for Upgrading Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM Instances. Starting with Oracle Database 1. Release 2 (1. 1. 2. Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) must be installed into a separate, new home from the existing installation. This reduces the downtime required to upgrade a node in the cluster and facilitates the provisioning of clusters within an enterprise. The reduction in planned outage time required for cluster upgrades helps in meeting availability service levels and also makes it easier to provide a standard installation across the enterprise. The following considerations pertain to upgrading Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM instances: For releases earlier than Oracle Database 1. Oracle software installations were owned by the Oracle user, typically oracle, or Oracle Database software was owned by the user oracle, and Oracle Clusterware software was owned by a separate user, typically crsuser. Starting with Oracle Database 1. Cluster Ready Services (CRS) software must perform the Oracle Clusterware 1. The user account that is performing this upgrade must also be the user that owns the ASM home of the earlier release (that is, previous to release 1. If the pre- 1. 1. ASM home has a different owner, then the owner account must be changed before performing the upgrade. As of Oracle Database 1. Oracle Clusterware software must be upgraded to a new home location in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. Additionally, Oracle ASM and Oracle Clusterware (and Oracle Restart for single- instance databases) must run in the same Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. When upgrading Oracle Clusterware to release 1. OUI automatically calls Oracle ASM Cluster Assistant (ASMCA) to perform the upgrade into the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. To upgrade to Oracle Database release 1. Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database software into a new Oracle home instead of into the existing Oracle home. For a single- instance configuration, Oracle ASM and Oracle Restart run from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home, and the cluster synchronization services daemon (CSS) runs from this same home. Thus, Oracle ASM and CSS are upgraded to Oracle Database 1. Release 2 (1. 1. 2) at the same time. For Oracle Database release 1. Oracle ASM, then you must shut down the CSS daemon and delete the CSS service from the system by running the localconfig command with the delete option. For example: ORACLE_HOME/bin/localconfig delete. You must ensure that the database compatibility attribute for Oracle ASM disk groups matches the compatibility parameter that is set in init. Determining If Oracle ASM is Included in the Current Database Configuration. If you do not know whether or not your configuration includes Oracle ASM, then issue the following SQL statement on the database instance. CONNECTED'. If this statement returns one or more rows, then the database is actively using an Oracle ASM disk group. About Upgrading an Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) Database. You can use Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) to upgrade an existing Oracle RAC database to the current release of Oracle Database. DBUA guides you through the upgrade process and configures your database for the new release. DBUA automates the upgrade process and makes appropriate recommendations for configuration options such as tablespaces and online redo log files. If you are manually upgrading an Oracle RAC database, then most of the actions are to be performed on only one node of the system. Actions that must be performed on more than one node are indicated in the relevant steps. About Requirements for Time Synchronization on Oracle RACOracle Clusterware 1. Oracle RAC is deployed. You can use one of the following options for time synchronizaion: Your operating system- configured network time protocol (NTP)Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization Service. Considerations for Upgrading Oracle RAC and Databases That Use Oracle ASMIf you are upgrading Oracle RAC and your databases use Oracle ASM for data file storage, then you need to consider additional restrictions and requirements. A subset of nodes cannot be selected when upgrading from an earlier release to 1. Before the new database release 1. Oracle Grid Infrastructure invokes ASMCA to upgrade Oracle ASM to release 1. Where Oracle Clusterware software has been upgraded to release 1. Oracle ASM is running an earlier release, then DBUA displays an error indicating that the Oracle ASM cluster has not been upgraded. In this case, the root script invokes Oracle ASM Cluster Assistant (ASMCA) to upgrade Oracle ASM to release 1. Oracle Database release 1. When upgrading from release 1. DBUA needs the Oracle Clusterware stack to be up. If DBUA finds that the Oracle Clusterware stack is down on the local node, then it displays an error message indicating the commands that need to be run to start up the stack on the local node. DBUA does not permit a single- instance database (SIDB) release 1. If DBUA detects Oracle Restart, then it presents a page asking you whether to register the database with Oracle Restart. If you choose to register with Oracle Restart, then DBUA displays a message prompting you to first upgrade Oracle Grid infrastructure to release 1. Note. Oracle Restart was previously referred to as Oracle Single- Instance High Availability (SIHA). About Upgrading System Authentication for Oracle ASM Instances. Starting with Oracle Database 1. Release 1 (1. 1. 1), you should use the SYSASM privilege to separate database management and storage management responsibilities. Also, you have the option to create separate operating system credentials for Oracle ASM and each database. This separation allows for an even greater division of database management and storage management responsibilities. For instance, if there are n databases using Oracle ASM on a given node, then you can configure n + 1 sets of operating system credentials groups whose members have SYS privileges: one OSDBA group for each database with SYSDBA privileges, and one OSASM group for the Oracle ASM instance with SYSASM privileges. Considerations for Upgrading an Oracle ASM Instance. Before upgrading an Oracle ASM instance to the new Oracle Database 1. What to Do When You've Outgrown Your Job. You might think you can still do their job well if you’ve outgrown it, but a recent study from Florida Atlantic University showed that, in fact, if it’s time to move on and you’ve stayed put, you might start to suck at your job. This might range from coming in late or leaving early to theft or bullying co- workers. The more overqualified an employee feels, the more likely they are to engage in counterproductive behaviors that impair the effective functioning of organizations.. Moments after coverage of the Las Vegas match between UFC fighter Conor McGregor and undefeated boxer Floyd Mayweather was scheduled to begin at 9:00pm. Eastern on. 110480 de 51484 Paulo 49074 São 46318 do 40723 Brasil 38043 da 37922 Da 35214 US$ 33367 Folha 2900 Local 19724 Reportagem 1790 José 15364. While your performance might not slip into the realm of theft or bullying your colleagues, feeling like your role no longer suits you can affect your mindset and attitude. If you’re feeling overqualified, here’s what to do. Decide If Things Can Change. Even if you feel you’ve hit a dead end when it comes to career growth, you don’t necessarily have to leave your job. Alison Green, of Ask a Manager, explains that if you’re unhappy at work, you should talk to your manager about it—if you think things can be fixed and if you would stay if they were to change. You have to decide for yourself what that means. Do you need a percentage of your responsibilities and projects to become more challenging? Do you want to focus on just one new skill? If you decide that either things aren’t able to change or that you wouldn’t stay if they did, finding a new job may be your next move. Even so, talk to your manager first worth—they may be able to suggest changes you thought weren’t possible. Look for Internal Opportunities.
If you can work with your manager to change the parameters of your job, start with seeing how you can expand your role, even temporarily. On NPR’s podcast Hidden Brain, Amy Wrzesniewski, Professor of Organizational Behavior at Yale, describes how you can use “job crafting” to make your current role more meaningful. That can certainly happen, where people can stumble into something and realize, “This is what I would do even if I hit the lottery,” versus, “How is it I can craft the boundaries of this job [..] in such a way that I can come to experience it perhaps as something that is meaningful [as] potentially a calling could be.”The second situation she describes is one where you can shape your job, and ultimately your career, into work that motivates you. Everyone’s organization is different, so you’ll know the best way to look for opportunities, but here’s a list of potential ones to get you started. Take something off someone else’s plate: If there’s something that your boss or a team mate has to do often, but that seems boring for them, offer to take it over. This gives you the chance to learn something new and gives them more bandwidth to focus on other work. ![]() Get an inside view: Tasks like helping prepare meeting slides or agendas, taking notes for your boss at meeting, or helping to document processes or resources are mundane, but they give you a peek into how higher ups make decisions. Support another team: You’ll want to clear this with your manager first, but supporting another team on a project can expose you to new skills, work, or ways of thinking. Fill a gap where resources are low: Offer to take on projects or tasks that are falling by the wayside because there aren’t enough resources to sustain them. You’ll get to do something different and take ownership while helping your department and company. If you’re a superstar employee, there’s a good chance you have a target on your back. A recent…Read more Start Job Searching for a Stretch Role. Not every manager or company will be willing to shift your job description or offer internal opportunities to expand your role. If that’s the case for you, your best options may be to look for a new job. Search for roles that will be a stretch and give you something to work towards—you don’t want to end up feeling like you’ve outgrown your job again in a short time. Hunting for a new job invariably means hitting up search sites, tapping your network, and beefing…Read more. |
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